##install necessary packages 
 iman@debian:~$ sudo apt-get install libncurses5 libncurses5-dev libssl-dev kernel-package fakeroot build-essential util-linux 
 ##get kernel 3.19.3 
 iman@debian:~$ wget https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/v3.x/linux-3.19.3.tar.xz 
 
 iman@debian:~$ tar -xvf linux-3.19.3.tar.xz 
 iman@debian:~$ cd linux-3.19.3 
 
 ##config-3.16.0-4-686-pae is Debian config file from its current kernel (available in the distribution linux-image .deb) 
 iman@debian:~/linux-3.19.3$ cp ~/config-3.16.0-4-686-pae .config && yes "" | linux32 make oldconfig 
 
 ##optional : configure kernel 
 #iman@debian:~/linux-3.19.3$ make menuconfig 
 ##if not first compilation 
 #iman@debian:~/linux-3.19.3$ make-kpkg clean 
 
 ##set compil at full speed 
 iman@debian:~/linux-3.19.3$ export CONCURRENCY_LEVEL=`grep "cpu cores" /proc/cpuinfo | head -1 | cut -d":" -f2 | cut -c2-` 
 ##compil kernel image and kernel headers (headers are optional) 
 iman@debian:~/linux-3.19.3$ fakeroot linux32 make-kpkg --cross-compile - --arch=i386 --initrd --revision=1+i --append-to-version=-`date +%Y%m%d` kernel-image kernel-headers 
 
 ##at this point you have a 32bit kernel inside a linux-image-3.19.3-20150326_1+i_amd64.deb package and headers in linux-headers-3.19.3-20150326_1+i_amd64.deb but both labeled for 64bit arch 
 
 ##let's label it i386 
 iman@debian:~/linux-3.19.3$ cd .. 
 iman@debian:~$ mkdir linux-image-3.19.3-20150326_1+i_i386 && cd linux-image-3.19.3-20150326_1+i_i386 
 ##extract .deb 
 iman@debian:~/linux-image-3.19.3-20150326_1+i_i386$ ar x ../linux-image-3.19.3-20150326_1+i_amd64.deb 
 ##extract control.tar.gz & data.tar.xz 
 iman@debian:~/linux-image-3.19.3-20150326_1+i_i386$ mkdir DEBIAN && tar xf control.tar.gz -C DEBIAN && rm control.tar.gz 
 iman@debian:~/linux-image-3.19.3-20150326_1+i_i386$ tar xf data.tar.xz && rm data.tar.xz 
 iman@debian:~/linux-image-3.19.3-20150326_1+i_i386$ rm debian-binary 
 
 ##edit DEBIAN/control and replace "Architecture: amd64" by "Architecture: i386" 
 iman@debian:~/linux-image-3.19.3-20150326_1+i_i386$ sed -i 's/Architecture: amd64/Architecture: i386/g' DEBIAN/control 
 cd .. 
 
 ##repackage the modified .deb 
 iman@debian:~$ dpkg-deb -b linux-image-3.19.3-20150326_1+i_i386 
 ##now you've got your linux-image-3.19.3-20150326_1+i_i386.deb 
 ##same method applies for linux-headers-3.19.3-20150326_1+i_amd64.deb 
 
 ##copy .deb to your 32bit machine and install : 
 iman@msiwind:~$ sudo dpkg -i linux-image-3.19.3-20150326_1+i_i386.deb linux-headers-3.19.3-20150326_1+i_i386.deb 
 
 ##reboot then : 
 iman@msiwind:~$ uname -a 
 Linux msiwind 3.19.3-20150326 #1 SMP Thu Mar 26 20:10:01 CET 2015 i686 GNU/Linux 
 

 ##install necessary packages 
 iman@debian:~$ sudo apt-get install libncurses5 libncurses5-dev libssl-dev kernel-package fakeroot build-essential 
 ##get kernel 3.10 
 iman@debian:~$ wget https://www.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/v3.x/linux-3.10.tar.xz 
 
 iman@debian:~$ tar -xvf linux-3.10.tar.xz 
 iman@debian:~$ cd linux-3.10 
 
 iman@debian:~/linux-3.10$ cp /boot/config-`uname -r` .config && yes "" | make oldconfig 
 
 ##optional : configure kernel 
 #iman@debian:~/linux-3.10$ make menuconfig 
 ##if not first compilation 
 #iman@debian:~/linux-3.10$ make-kpkg clean 
 
 ##set compil at full speed 
 iman@debian:~/linux-3.10$ export CONCURRENCY_LEVEL=`grep "cpu cores" /proc/cpuinfo | head -1 | cut -d":" -f2 | cut -c2-` 
 ##compil kernel image and kernel headers 
 iman@debian:~/linux-3.10$ fakeroot make-kpkg --initrd --revision=1+i --append-to-version=-`date +%Y%m%d` kernel-image kernel-headers 
 
 iman@debian:~/linux-3.10$ cd .. 
 iman@debian:~$ sudo dpkg -i linux-image-3.10.0-20130701_1+i_amd64.deb linux-headers-3.10.0-20130701_1+i_amd64.deb 
 
 ##reboot then : 
 iman@debian:~$ uname -a 
 Linux debian 3.10.0-20130701 #1 SMP Mon Jul 1 09:55:44 CEST 2013 x86_64 GNU/Linux 
 

excuse me do you have a moment to talk about Linux

Ubuntu

Keith Chuvala, a United Space Alliance contractor, manager of the Space Operations Computing (SpOC) for NASA, and leader of the iSS's Laptops and Network integration Teams, recently explained that NASA had decided to move to Linux for the iSS's PCs. "We migrated key functions from Windows to Linux because we needed an operating system that was stable and reliable - one that would give us in-house control. So if we needed to patch, adjust, or adapt, we could."

Specifically, the iSS astronauts will be using computers running Debian 6. Earlier, some of the on-board computers had been using Scientific Linux, a Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) clone. While not the newest version of Debian, Debian 7 has just been released, Debian is nothing if not well-tested and reliable.

While Linux has been used on the iSS ever since its launch (PDF link) and for NASA ground operations almost since the day Linus Torvalds created it, it hasn't seen that much use on PCs in space. "Things really clicked," said Chuvala in an interview, "after we came to understand how Linux views the world, the interconnectedness of how one thing affects another. You need that worldview. i have quite a bit of Linux experience, but to see others who were really getting it, that was exciting."